I just implemented some interpolated texture sampling by sampling the 4x4 nearest pixels then doing Lagrange interpolation across the x axis to get four values to use Lagrange interpolation on across the y axis.

Is this the same as bicubic interpolation or is it different? Or are there different kinds of bicubic interpolation, and this is just one of them perhaps?

Webgl Shadertoy implementation here and relevant GLSL (WebGL) code below: https://www.shadertoy.com/view/MllSzX

Thanks!

float c_textureSize = 64.0;

float c_onePixel = 1.0 / c_textureSize;
float c_twoPixels = 2.0 / c_textureSize;

float c_x0 = -1.0;
float c_x1 =  0.0;
float c_x2 =  1.0;
float c_x3 =  2.0;
    
//=======================================================================================
vec3 CubicLagrange (vec3 A, vec3 B, vec3 C, vec3 D, float t)
{
    return
        A * 
        (
            (t - c_x1) / (c_x0 - c_x1) * 
            (t - c_x2) / (c_x0 - c_x2) *
            (t - c_x3) / (c_x0 - c_x3)
        ) +
        B * 
        (
            (t - c_x0) / (c_x1 - c_x0) * 
            (t - c_x2) / (c_x1 - c_x2) *
            (t - c_x3) / (c_x1 - c_x3)
        ) +
        C * 
        (
            (t - c_x0) / (c_x2 - c_x0) * 
            (t - c_x1) / (c_x2 - c_x1) *
            (t - c_x3) / (c_x2 - c_x3)
        ) +       
        D * 
        (
            (t - c_x0) / (c_x3 - c_x0) * 
            (t - c_x1) / (c_x3 - c_x1) *
            (t - c_x2) / (c_x3 - c_x2)
        );
}

//=======================================================================================
vec3 BicubicTextureSample (vec2 P)
{
    vec2 pixel = P * c_textureSize + 0.5;
    
    vec2 frac = fract(pixel);
    pixel = floor(pixel) / c_textureSize - vec2(c_onePixel/2.0);
    
    vec3 C00 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2(-c_onePixel ,-c_onePixel)).rgb;
    vec3 C10 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( 0.0        ,-c_onePixel)).rgb;
    vec3 C20 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( c_onePixel ,-c_onePixel)).rgb;
    vec3 C30 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( c_twoPixels,-c_onePixel)).rgb;
    
    vec3 C01 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2(-c_onePixel , 0.0)).rgb;
    vec3 C11 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( 0.0        , 0.0)).rgb;
    vec3 C21 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( c_onePixel , 0.0)).rgb;
    vec3 C31 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( c_twoPixels, 0.0)).rgb;    
    
    vec3 C02 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2(-c_onePixel , c_onePixel)).rgb;
    vec3 C12 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( 0.0        , c_onePixel)).rgb;
    vec3 C22 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( c_onePixel , c_onePixel)).rgb;
    vec3 C32 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( c_twoPixels, c_onePixel)).rgb;    
    
    vec3 C03 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2(-c_onePixel , c_twoPixels)).rgb;
    vec3 C13 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( 0.0        , c_twoPixels)).rgb;
    vec3 C23 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( c_onePixel , c_twoPixels)).rgb;
    vec3 C33 = texture2D(iChannel0, pixel + vec2( c_twoPixels, c_twoPixels)).rgb;    
    
    vec3 CP0X = CubicLagrange(C00, C10, C20, C30, frac.x);
    vec3 CP1X = CubicLagrange(C01, C11, C21, C31, frac.x);
    vec3 CP2X = CubicLagrange(C02, C12, C22, C32, frac.x);
    vec3 CP3X = CubicLagrange(C03, C13, C23, C33, frac.x);
    
    return CubicLagrange(CP0X, CP1X, CP2X, CP3X, frac.y);
}