# All Questions

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### Why BMP file format last line of image is first line on file?

I'm studying Microsoft Windows Bitmap File Format, extension BMP. I'm curious to know why scanlines are stored on file from bottom to up: the last scanline on image is the first line on file and the ...
84 views

### How to calculate interpolation between multiple skeleton poses?

I found out that I should use spherical linear interpolation to blend two poses of a joint. I cannot find what to do if I have hundreds of poses to blend except applying the SLERP iteratively. What ...
66 views

### Why the Bresenham's algorithm does not work for those two points?

I am using the Bresenham algorithm from wikipedia: ...
58 views

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### Should I use common resource bindings across all my shaders in HLSL/D3D12?

Will unaccessed bindings consume cache or bandwidth? I want to improve cache usage by splitting the per-path information in my renderer across different resources, but I also want to keep my binding ...
34 views

### Is it possible to have multiple descriptor ranges in a single descriptor table?

Let's say I have the following registers in my HLSL 5.1 shader: Texture2DArray g_texture_array : register(t1); Texture2D g_texture[10] : register(t0); I had in ...
77 views

### Difference between isnan and comparison to self

In GLSL, what is the difference between isnan(x) and !(x == x)?
77 views

### Noise shaping for dithering with gamma?

The context of this question is correct dithering of color with gamma correction. In dithering we add (shaped) noise $n$ to a signal $s \in [0, 1]$ based on a random variable $r \in [0, 1]$ s' = s +...
83 views

### 3D object to slices like in medical scan

I am novice lacking professional terminology. I want to create from 3D object (let's say from polygon mesh) a slice through to PNG file in order to create something like reverse medical MRI scan from ...
97 views

### How to do CSG on 3D triangulated objects, originally stored as a .obj file, using openGL or other libraries?

What I would like to do is to create a crater on a field. To do so, I thought that creating a universal crater object (something cone-shaped) and then subtracting it from the field on a specified ...
28 views

### Arrange common items to spell out words

This seems like a pretty easy thing to do, but I've never done anything like it and I would rather not reinvent the wheel - so I'm looking for example code in pretty much any language or an algorithm ...
27 views

### Why did most or all vector graphic devices not support some type of curve input parameters?

In the case of classic plotters, it seems the hardware would have been able to handle (something like bezier) curves with the correct software, but instead curves were drawn very slowly using a large ...
33 views

### How to scale primitive shapes [in Blender] so that they are within a [unit] sphere?

I wonder how is it possible to scale all shapes so that they are within boundaries of a [unit] sphere? I know how to do this for a cube: if radius of the sphere is S...
111 views

I was following this guide for drawing circles using shadertoy. Now I am trying to mimic the examples behaviour in WebGL. Here is a working shadertoy example I try to mimic. The code is not mine, see ...
77 views

### how many watts are in the SPD of the color white?

Please help. I'm trying to implement a ray tracer, going by the PBRT book and got stuck on an issue that I fail to find the answer to. My scenes are made from objects and light sources. From that, I ...
24 views

### Why need a $h$ parameter in the Geometry Function of a BRDF

Geometry Function in the specular BRDF term is defined as $G(l, v, h)$. Why need a $h$ since $h=\frac{l+v}2$. $f_{spec}(l,v) = \frac{F(h,v)G_2(l,v,h)D(h)}{4|n\cdot l||n\cdot v|}$ from "Real Time ...
208 views

### Unfold a 3D mesh to a 2D plane

I'm trying to unfold a 3D mesh onto a 2D plane. My general idea to do this, would be to cycle through all the faces of the meshes and perform a hierarchical transformation. So I would start at the ...
71 views

### GL_DEPTH_CLAMP has no effect (reverse z)

In an effort to improve cascaded shadow maps, I have looked into using GL_DEPTH_CLAMP and moving the near and far plane just around the actual view frustum instead of the global bounding box. But the ...
123 views

### HalfEdge data structure in openmesh, create_face function explanation

Does anyone have experience with open-mesh or computational geometry and can kindly explain what exactly happens in the function below? ...
92 views

### How can I transform an ellipse into a circle?

I have an ellipse which has -45 degree axis. How can I transform the ellipse into a circle? Can I use shear transformation along the x/y axis?
102 views

### 3D coordinates of intersection point in clipping for a rasterizer

When doing clipping in homogeneous coordinates, we need to find the coordinates of the intersection of the viewing frustum with the line to be clipped. This can be done easily if we want those ...
115 views

### Learning light transport using Q-Learning

I am trying to reproduce the results obtained by Dahm et al. in the paper Learning Light Transport the Reinforced Way. This method takes advantage of the similarity between the Bellman equation (Q-...
76 views

### Rendering 3-D point clouds obtained from depth maps as a 2.5D video

Suppose I have code to generate a bunch of frames, each of which is a depth map(I have access to the matrices which represent depth) which in turn is used to generate a point cloud. One frame would ...
163 views

### Why the ray tracing result looks weird?

I followed the book Ray Tracing in One Weekend and implemented a simple ray tracing procedure. There are 100 random samples every pixel for antialiasing, but the render result looks weird: There is a ...
141 views

### Floating Point Operations in Line Drawing Algorithms

When it comes to line drawing, DDA is the simplest and most intuitive algorithm, the core idea being: compute the slope of the line for every increment in x, increment y by the slope However, DDA is ...
98 views

### Unsolved Problems in CQ to this day?

What problems haven't been solved yet when it comes for instance in rendering,deferred rendering, Volumetric lighting, ambient occlusion or in any other interesting area. When i say unsolved problems, ...
67 views

### Why is cos(𝜃) in the denominator in the reflectance equation and in the numerator in the shading equation?

Background: I'm reading https://learnopengl.com/PBR to learn about PBR. In the theory slide (https://learnopengl.com/PBR/Theory), the author has the reflectant equation as The theta (the angle ...