Questions tagged [pbr]
The pbr tag has no usage guidance.
65
questions
0
votes
1answer
22 views
PBR pipeline with multiple HDR images?
I believe I already know the answer to this question, but I want to make sure I'm understanding this correctly. Within a physically based rendering pipeline, you calculate your indirect lighting from ...
1
vote
1answer
46 views
Confusion of deriving the Jacobian of the reflection transformation in Walter et. al's 2007 paper
When deriving the Jacobian of the reflection transformation in Walter et. al's 2007 paper:
First we have a macrosurface BSDF which is:
$f_{s}(\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{o}, \mathbf{n})=\int\left|\frac{\...
2
votes
2answers
154 views
PBR : Understanding the right part of Split sum integration of specular IBL
This is the website I am learning from.
In the specular part of IBL this is the split sum approximation
Now the left part of the equation I have asked in This post and I have understood everything ...
0
votes
1answer
78 views
PBR : generating dynamic HDR maps
Most of the PBR tutorials out there use HDR maps loaded from disk. But in games these maps need to be generated by taking snapshots of the scene from the objects location which is where problems arise....
0
votes
2answers
154 views
PBR : Understanding importance sampling
I have read this article
On PBR and in it we have NDF function defined as follows
Then I have read this article on random vector generation
Here are what I feel are the important bits.
Now jump to ...
0
votes
1answer
51 views
Path tracing: How to ensure we are sampling a direction vector within the visible hemisphere of a surface?
Given a surface Normal vector of an intersection point, how can one generate a random direction vector that is guaranteed to be in the visible hemisphere? The way I ...
2
votes
0answers
115 views
Comparing different sampling methods for GGX IBL
I have made a demo that shades a sphere with an environment map. I wanted to compare 3 different ways of sampling the environment.
Uniform sampling.
Importance sampling with the NDF as suggested in ...
0
votes
2answers
179 views
Ray Tracing, why does the GGX make my rendering result darker and darker for each frame?
I am trying to add GGX and PBR textures to my GPU ray tracer. The result is very strange, it's getting darker for each frame.
...
0
votes
1answer
139 views
BRDF for point lights should not return values over 1
This is standard Cook-Torrance BRDF in formulation for a single point light. No intergrals over a hemisphere, just a single direction to a source of incoming energy.
$$
L_o = { \bigg ( (1-F) \frac{...
0
votes
1answer
222 views
What is wrong with my metallic PBR shader?
I feel like my light conservation math isn't correct, but I am not sure which part is wrong.
Is reflected light supposed to influence the diffuse light?
Does metalness only affect the reflected ...
1
vote
0answers
48 views
How to handle negative reflection directions in raytracing?
I got a function that generates samples from a GGX visible normal distribution function. When I use it to calculate reflection directions obviously some of these intersect with the surface agin (...
0
votes
0answers
64 views
Considering a path generated by bidirectional path tracing under a different strategy
Say I have constructed a path, using bidirectional path tracing (BDPT), consisting of a light subpath $y$ with $s=2$ vertices and a camera subpath $z$ with $t=3$ camera vertices.
Now I want to ...
2
votes
0answers
140 views
Scaling of the final image in Metropolis Light Transport
I don't understand why the PBR implementation of Metorpolis Light Transport scales the final image by b / mutationsPerPixel.
The authors write:
Each Metropolis ...
0
votes
0answers
43 views
Is casting a shadow ray non-symmetric in pbrt?
According to the description in the book, Scene::IntersectP() "checks for the existence of intersections along the [passed] ray". This operatorion should be ...
0
votes
0answers
47 views
Distribution of the first vertex on a camera subpath in bidirectional path tracing
Suppose we are sampling camera rays of a perspective camera with a finite aperture. The PBRT implementation of the sampling scheme looks like this:
...
0
votes
1answer
161 views
Standard ways to create xml scenes for research purposes
I am a newbie in computer graphics and just started working on physically based rendering engines such as Mitsuba.
I found it difficult to create my own scenes, that are xml files. To create one, ...
0
votes
0answers
132 views
Multiple Importance Sampling in Bidirectional Path Tracing
I'm trying to understand the computation of the path density described in the book Physically Based Rendering. They assume that a path $$x=(x_0,\ldots,x_{n-1})=(q_0,\ldots,q_{s-1},p_{t-1},\ldots,p_0)$$...
1
vote
1answer
342 views
Roughness Value of (Close to) Zero in Physically Based Rendering
In my Direct Light Physically Based Renderer, when I set the roughness too low (ie. 0.0 or close) the specular reflection doesn't show, not even at high resolutions and at perfect angle with the ...
1
vote
1answer
266 views
Understanding the irradiance map generation
I am trying to understand how the generation of irradiance maps works. I was reading LearnOpengGL tutorial and Codinglabs article. Reading those articles, I got a bit confused about how we use ...
5
votes
3answers
316 views
What is the purpose of the projected solid angle $dA^\perp$ term in the definition of Radiance?
In the definition of Radiance, which according to PBRT is defined as
flux per unit solid angle $d\omega$ per unit projected area $dA^\perp$
$$L_i=\frac{d\Phi}{d\omega\ dA^\perp}$$
My original ...
2
votes
1answer
184 views
Strange dark spot when lighting in deferred rendering PBR shaders
It's probably something obvious but there seems to be a strange issue with lighting in my pipeline. I'm trying to keep everything in world space at the moment for simplicity but cannot figure out what'...
2
votes
1answer
111 views
how many watts are in the SPD of the color white?
Please help. I'm trying to implement a ray tracer, going by the PBRT book and got stuck on an issue that I fail to find the answer to. My scenes are made from objects and light sources. From that, I ...
2
votes
1answer
217 views
Why is cos(𝜃) in the denominator in the reflectance equation and in the numerator in the shading equation?
Background: I'm reading https://learnopengl.com/PBR to learn about PBR. In the theory slide (https://learnopengl.com/PBR/Theory), the author has the reflectant equation as
The theta (the angle ...
1
vote
1answer
138 views
How to implement physically based unit in pbr renderer
According to this note, Frostbite use photometry unit in their calculation. I am trying to mimic this feature, but I am not sure what transformation need to be done. I will try to explain what I have ...
1
vote
0answers
71 views
Questions about BRDF parameterization
Hi I'm trying to get a better understanding of the BRDF modeling. I only implemented naive diffuse(lambert), specular and microfacet BRDF before, but I don't have much experience in mixed BRDFs and ...
1
vote
0answers
465 views
GGX BRDF is greater than 1?
I am implementing a GGX BRDF, this is the formula I used is from:https://schuttejoe.github.io/post/ggximportancesamplingpart1/
And this is my implementation:
...
0
votes
1answer
319 views
How Image Based Lighting is applied to indoor scene?
Now the mainstream engine's approach is to use image-based lighting to achieve approximate global illumination, but such a technique seems to be only applicable to outdoor scenes.What kind of ...
2
votes
1answer
135 views
Why can I see the diffuse lighting effect on a perfect mirror?
Currently I am learning PBR by Unity3D. I find that even I turn the smoothness to 1, I can still see the diffuse lighting effect, which does not make any sense to me.
Imagine I trace a ray from my ...
0
votes
1answer
140 views
Weirdly looking diffuse irradiance map
I have problem with creating diffuse irradiance map. As reference I am using https://learnopengl.com/PBR/IBL/Diffuse-irradiance and https://github.com/TheEvilBanana/PhysicallyBasedRendering/blob/...
3
votes
1answer
559 views
Iridescence/Thin-film interference integration as a layer
I'm trying to integrate the thin-film interference effect described in the paper "Belcour, L., & Barla, P. (2017). A practical extension to microfacet theory for the modeling of varying ...
1
vote
0answers
42 views
confused on isotropic BRDF
I am reading a paper and there is a part I don't understand:
I am wondering why the isotropic BRDF only depends on the view direction and roughness? Why is the light direction not related?
2
votes
1answer
133 views
Confused on reflection coeffcient of Fresnel equations
I am reading a paper about layered materials. However, I am confused on the implementation of this paper. The following picture describe the layered material.
r_ab is a complex reflection coeffcient ...
1
vote
1answer
855 views
Can't understand the Importance sampling GGX
I've read many articles relating to importance sampling of GGX. However, I still feel confused.
The formula of GGX is :
And many article says we should use this formula to sample:
In the formula, ...
3
votes
2answers
513 views
Luminance and Radiance in computer screen
I am currently building a graphics engine. I have a slight confusion on the imaging pipeline of computer screen. My question is how does computer transform the colour in the final frame buffer to ...
6
votes
2answers
355 views
PBR missing rim darkening on non metallic rough surfaces
If you have a dielectric (non metallic) sphere with a large roughness value (say, 0.95), and put it in a lighting environment that has a constant onmidirectional lighting value (such as 0.5) Cook-...
3
votes
1answer
286 views
Importance Sampling in Unreal Engine Formula Derivation (Irradiance term)
I am currently trying to understand IBL in Unreal Engine, and there are so much things that I don't understand about the formula. Unreal approximate the specular term of shading equation by doing ...
4
votes
1answer
949 views
BRDF normalization
I don't understand how to normalize the BRDF.
the constraint is that for each incoming ray, the exitant ray will be $1$ at most
ie integral of hemisphere of $f_r\cdot\cos(\theta)$ where $f_r$ is the ...
4
votes
2answers
340 views
Texture prefiltering for Linearly Transformed Cosines
I'm implementing Real-Time Polygonal-Light Shading with Linearly Transformed Cosines from Siggraph 2016.
I'm stuck on the texture prefiltering (section 5.3).
As I understand they use ...
3
votes
0answers
80 views
Predicting reflectance functions from complex surfaces
There are three principal ways to obtain a BRDF. We can
Derive an analytic formula using physical principles
Use simulation given an assumed or measured model of the surface
microgeometry
Measure the ...
6
votes
1answer
1k views
Microfacet shading for diffuse materials
I recently replaced the Lambertian BRDF in my path-tracer with Oren-Nayar, under the assumption that I could adjust it to use the GGX distribution model with appropriate masking/shadowing.
PBR ...
1
vote
0answers
85 views
How to make Convolved Diffuse and Specular image in C#
I am trying to take either a HDR panoramic or HDR cubeMap and from that create a Lambert Irradiance environment map and a Cook-Torrence Specular environment map.
I am stuck at the proper ...
4
votes
1answer
391 views
Roughness Remapping
I have been recently exploring physically-based rendering (PBR), but there is one part that still confuses me. I don't quite get roughness remapping, as described in the PBR section on Learn OpenGL. ...
4
votes
0answers
1k views
Explanation of math of the Smith G1 term
In appendix A of the paper Microfacet Models for Refraction through Rough Surfaces there is a derivation provided for $\Lambda(w)$ but the mathematics is very confusing. Could somebody help me by ...
4
votes
1answer
265 views
Tasks of a professional graphics programmer?
Currently I'm 16 and in high school and I love graphics programming and I'm seriously considering it as a career path. I was wondering what a day as a graphics programmer looks like for offline ...
6
votes
2answers
3k views
How to calculate attenuation and radiance in PBR? (point and directional lights)
I would like implement physically based rendering, following this tutorial
I was able to find a list of light sources ordered by lumens, but I have no idea how to use it in the calculations.
...
6
votes
1answer
548 views
Dealing with blown-out highlights in PBR
I've been writing some custom shaders based around Unity's Standard BRDF, which is uses GGX distribution term and Smith visibility term. It looks great at either end of the smoothness scale (1 and 2 ...
8
votes
2answers
1k views
Why is the half vector not used in diffuse BRDF Fresnel calculations?
I am currently working with Earl Hammon Jr's Presentation PBR Diffuse Lighting for GGX+Smith Microsurfaces (now mentioned as [PBR, p.XYZ] and have read through (among others) Brent Burley's Physically-...
6
votes
1answer
128 views
Monte Carlo Integration
Let $I$ = the value of integration and $p$ = probability distribution.
The estimator is denoted as $\left\langle I \right >$ and is
$$\left\langle I \right >=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\frac{f(...
6
votes
1answer
471 views
The reciprocity of BRDF
Many books describe that a BRDF has the following property (reciprocity):
$$f_r(x, \Theta \to \Psi ) = f_r(x, \Psi \to \Theta)$$
Why is the above equation correct?
I think the above equation ...
5
votes
0answers
139 views
What is the potential equation in PBR?
I'am studying PBR and the book introduce the potential equation.
They said the potential equation can describe shooting algorithms better, and
$W(x, \theta)$ describes the fraction of the radiance $L(...