Questions tagged [brdf]
The brdf tag has no usage guidance.
0
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58 views
What is wrong with this GGX sampling function?
I wrote a small Shadertoy path-tracer a few days ago to teach myself PBR transmission/reflection, and I decided to use Heitz's microfacet sampling model since it's cleaner than the one in PBRT. I'm ...
2
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1answer
82 views
PBR - How to handle multiple BSDFs and material type
So I am in the midst of writing my own path traced renderer and right now I have only implemented the old Blinn-Phong models where we separately calculated the diffuse and specular components of the ...
0
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0answers
45 views
How to render an image, given SVBRDF parameters (normals, diffuse/albedo, roughness, etc.), using any tool / technology?
I am new to Computer Graphics domain. Currently, I am working on extracting Spatially Varying BRDF parameters given a single photograph of the planar material.
So far, I have managed to extract ...
2
votes
1answer
82 views
Importance Sampling in Unreal Engine Formula Derivation (Irradiance term)
I am currently trying to understand IBL in Unreal Engine, and there are so much things that I don't understand about the formula. Unreal approximate the specular term of shading equation by doing ...
0
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0answers
65 views
Microfacet Distribution Function with resepct to projected solid angle
If we normalize a distribution function (for example, let's say Blinn's distribution, i.e. ~ $(n\cdot m)^e$ ) over a hemisphere:
$$ \int_{H^2} {D(m) d\omega_m} = 1$$
then $D(m) d\omega_m$ ...
5
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2answers
91 views
Refraction: given an incoming and transmitted direction, can I deduce the normal?
It's easy to find guides to calculating the transmitted direction of light given an incoming direction, the normal, and indexes of refraction. However, I can't find anything about determining the ...
5
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1answer
95 views
Radiative Transfer Equation for Photorealistic Rendering
I've recently become interested in photorealistic rendering, and I've been looking at the different rendering philosophies. I read this Disney Research bachelor's thesis, which states both the ...
1
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0answers
86 views
How to validate whether a reflection model is implemented correctly?
I think this is one of the most important part when you write a physically-based renderer.
The solution I came up with is to put a sphere to the scene with a constant background radiance. Solve the ...
3
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1answer
120 views
Phong and the Rendering Equation: What's with the cosine?
Ignoring emission and shadowing for simplicity, the rendering equation can be stripped down to:
$$L(x, \, \vec \omega) = \int_{\Omega}{f_r(x, \, \vec \omega^\prime, \, \vec \omega) \, (\vec \omega^\...
2
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1answer
115 views
BRDF normalization
I don't understand how to normalize the BRDF.
the constraint is that for each incoming ray, the exitant ray will be $1$ at most
ie integral of hemisphere of $f_r\cdot\cos(\theta)$ where $f_r$ is the ...
6
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3answers
297 views
What is the difference between radiance and irradiance in BRDF
Currently I am reading the BRDF section from Real Time Rendering and I am having a hard time to visually understand the definition of this function. BRDF is the ratio between the radiance in outgoing ...
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70 views
Predicting reflectance functions from complex surfaces
There are three principal ways to obtain a BRDF. We can
Derive an analytic formula using physical principles
Use simulation given an assumed or measured model of the surface
microgeometry
Measure ...
4
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0answers
184 views
Wrong output while implementing GGX importance sampling
I'm receiving a non-energy conserving output while trying to importance sample the GGX Distributionof the Microfacet model, which is generally 3-4 times bigger than the resulting PDF
I'm following ...
4
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2answers
116 views
What is a Gaussian Lobe concerning BRDF and NDF?
I was reading a paper about voxel cone tracing and came across this term. So, what is a Gaussian Lobe or a Lobe in general?
I am asking in the context of Computer Graphics, BRDF and NDF.
4
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2answers
133 views
Relationship between roughness and BRDF
In a BRDF $f_r$, assume Cook-Torrance model, we have a microfacets distribution $D$. This distribution essentially models the rougheness of the material as far as I've understood. Given a direction $v$...
5
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1answer
372 views
Microfacet shading for diffuse materials
I recently replaced the Lambertian BRDF in my path-tracer with Oren-Nayar, under the assumption that I could adjust it to use the GGX distribution model with appropriate masking/shadowing.
PBR ...
1
vote
1answer
120 views
Phong Modified BRDF Implementation
According to: https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~jdl/importance.doc
For a specular sample: (page 4 of the document) $$pdf(\theta_{i}) = \frac{n+1}{2\pi} \cos^n(a)$$
And this is how you choose an ...
5
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1answer
161 views
Intuitively understanding conservation of energy for the Lambertian BRDF
The Lambertian BRDF is defined as $R / \pi$, where the division by $\pi$ is there to maintain conservation of energy. The derivation is provided here.
The maths makes sense, and I can understand ...
2
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1answer
252 views
How can I implement this BSDF?
I am trying to implement a path tracer, but I have some problem. The class Spectrum is color. I implemented a mirror material like this:
...
4
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1answer
156 views
Where does the cosine factor comes from in the GGX PDF?
The GGX NDF, as it appears on the paper where it is presented is:
$$D(m)=\frac{\alpha_g^2\space\chi^+(m\cdot n)}{\pi\cos^4(\theta_m)(\alpha_g^2+\tan^2(\theta_m))^2}$$
It is equivalent, in the range $...
7
votes
1answer
96 views
fix over exposure in importance sampling in screen space reflections
I am having my first encounter with the rendering of indirect reflections in the form of screen space reflections in a game engine, but i am struggling to get correct looking results.
(patterns arise ...
5
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1answer
115 views
Roughness Remapping
I have been recently exploring physically-based rendering (PBR), but there is one part that still confuses me. I don't quite get roughness remapping, as described in the PBR section on Learn OpenGL. ...
7
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0answers
631 views
Diffuse BRDF component of the Disney BRDF
In the SIGGRAPH course:
BURLEY B.: Physically Based Shading at Disney, SIGGRAPH 2012 Course: Practical Physically Based Shading in Film and Game Production, 2012.
it is mentioned that some BRDF ...
3
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0answers
174 views
How to simulate specular reflection in Light Tracing?
I am implementing light tracing from this website.
The right wall on the below image is perfect mirror(specular reflection). Its BRDF returns zero that's why it's been rendered black. But how is it ...
5
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1answer
174 views
Phong BRDF in Mitsuba, Tungsten and AGI
In the book AGI (Advanced Global Illumination), the Phong BRDF is
$f_r(x,\Psi\leftrightarrow\Theta)=k_s\cfrac{(R\cdot\Theta)^n}{N\cdot\Psi}+k_d$
$k_d=\cfrac{albedo}\pi$
In Mitsuba and Tungsten, the ...
5
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3answers
4k views
What is the difference between glossy and specular reflection?
What is the difference between glossy and specular reflection?
What is their relations with BRDF?
6
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1answer
216 views
Dealing with blown-out highlights in PBR
I've been writing some custom shaders based around Unity's Standard BRDF, which is uses GGX distribution term and Smith visibility term. It looks great at either end of the smoothness scale (1 and 2 ...
7
votes
1answer
398 views
Why is the half vector not used in diffuse BRDF Fresnel calculations?
I am currently working with Earl Hammon Jr's Presentation PBR Diffuse Lighting for GGX+Smith Microsurfaces (now mentioned as [PBR, p.XYZ] and have read through (among others) Brent Burley's Physically-...
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0answers
61 views
Mitsuba Bidirectional Framework
I'm confused by the Mitsuba bidirectional framework for quite a while now, especially by the different eval and connect ...
4
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0answers
207 views
Mathematics of Sub Surface Scattering
Can somebody help explain the mathematics of Sub Surface Scattering in a Path Tracer based on the Diffuse Approximation in A Practical Model for Subsurface Light Transport ?
I would like someone to ...
6
votes
1answer
70 views
How is measured BRDF data recorded?
How is measured BRDF data recorded? Like the MERL BRDF Database.
What kind of equipment is used and what are the key values that need to be recorded?
I know one place this data was used was in the ...
1
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0answers
71 views
Explain Radiance Estimate for photon mapping
I'm adding photon mapping to my current raytracer to add indirect lighting.
Can someone explain how the radiance estimate works in simple terms and with some simple math? I have read a lot of ...
1
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0answers
180 views
Is there a material table for the Cook Torrance BRDF?
Is there a material table that lists all the specific values to obtain a certain type of material (e.g: copper or asphalt) available?
I found this table in the paper: A Reflectance Model for ...
5
votes
2answers
207 views
What does “Bidirectional” in BRDF mean?
So Bidirectional essentially means "two directions", right? But what are these two direction (left-right? up-down? north-south?) we are talking about in regards to bidirectional reflectance ...
4
votes
1answer
109 views
Troubleshoot half vector sampling from a distribution (cook-torrence, trowbridge-reitz, etc)
I am learning ray tracing and the mathematics behind it. I have a working monte-carlo raytracer I am experimenting on. I have gotten past pure diffuse BRDFS, area lights, acceleration structures, ...
28
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2answers
3k views
What is Importance Sampling?
What is importance sampling? Every article I read about it mentions 'PDF' what is that as well?
From what I gather, importance sampling is a technique to only sample areas on a hemisphere that matter ...
6
votes
1answer
352 views
Fresnel and specular colour
I'm trying to implement Cook-Torrance BRDF and had previously bookmarked this question as it looked very well thought out. Going through it, I'm confused about the Fresnel equation. The author has the ...
5
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1answer
371 views
Energy conservation of BRDF
I'm reading Advanced Global Illumination.
Here is the part confusing me:
What do the second equation and $\delta$-function mean?
Why the third equation is a sufficient condition even though a reason ...
4
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1answer
296 views
Why the BRDF of specular reflection is infinite in the reflection direction?
I know the BRDF of specular reflection is nonzero only in the reflection direction.
But why it is infinite?
A paragraph on page 36 of Advanced Global Illumination:
6
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2answers
1k views
Refraction in a Ray Tracer: What do with an intersection within the medium?
I am currently following a tutorial at Scratchapixel.com on refraction
Here is the refract function:
...
4
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0answers
436 views
Better alternatives to the Lambert BRDF
After reading about the new Disney Diffuse BRDF, I have been wondering if this is currently the best Diffuse BRDF at the moment? How much more of a difference would this make compared to using a ...
6
votes
1answer
103 views
Trying to understand environmental cubemaps
I am trying to implement a physically based renderer, in OpenGL. I was planning to implement the Cook-Torrance BRDF. I read about radiance cubemaps (for reflections), like the one discussed here, for ...
5
votes
1answer
625 views
Volume Rendering (Path Tracing & Real-Time)
I have a few doubts and questions regarding volume rendering, I was hoping someone here could help me understand.
I commonly hear the terms 'Ray-Marching' & 'Volume Rendering' being used together ...
23
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2answers
2k views
Path tracing the Cook-Torrance BRDF
-- Sorry for the long post, but I prefer to do that way because "Devil is in the details." :)
I am writing a path tracer from the scratch and it is working nicely for perfectly diffuse (Lambertian) ...
7
votes
1answer
267 views
What is the most physically accurate model of surface materials possible in computer graphics?
I am looking for theoretical and implemented models to represent surface materials in software that strives for physical accuracy.
Is BRDF really the best model? What alternatives are better? Why? ...
8
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1answer
513 views
Why normalise Lambertian BRDF by 1/pi?
Why is a Lambertian BRDF normalised by dividing by $\pi$? Since the area of a unit sphere is $4 \pi$, and the area of the half sphere above the surface is $2 \pi$, shouldn't it rather be $1/(2\pi)$?
7
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1answer
218 views
Derivation of Wikipedia's path tracing diffuse BRDF
Wikipedia's path tracing algorithm has the following line for the diffuse BRDF:
Color BRDF = 2 * m.reflectance * cos_theta;
I'm a little confused as I've been ...
6
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2answers
105 views
Problem with Basic Diffuse Lighting
So recently I have been learning how to implement Diffuse Lighting in DirectX and I have done so with the following code:
...
5
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0answers
90 views
Should I use nonsymmetric BSDF for refraction in BPT?
I'm implementing bidirectional path tracing. I want to simulate perfect refraction. I read in the Veach thesis that a perfect refraction BSDF is non-symmetric. Does it mean that I need to use ...
3
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1answer
180 views
Real time image based lighting for arbitrary BRDFs coordinate alignment
I was trying to understand how real-time illumination happens with image-based lighting.
I understood that importance of representing the Environment Map and BRDF in spherical harmonics. Because ...
