I just discovered that Adobe color source includes HSV-RYB hue mapping functions (replicated in Ben Knight's Kuler-d3). Apparently Adobe uses uses piecewise linear gradients rather than the polynomial that I was trying to use (and technically it is a CMY wheel not a RBY one, I believe). Here are the relevant stops:
RYBstop HSVstop
60 35
122 60
165 120
218 180
275 240
330 300
Here is the graph of these showing the perceptual mapping:

So there'll be artifacts at the junctions where the mapping function is not smooth (which can be seen in the original Adobe image). And here is an imagemagick script for creating the color wheel.
#!/bin/bash
#assemble gradient pieces (pre-caculated stops), then join them all
convert -size 600x300 gradient:#000000-#181818 -rotate -90 grad1.png
convert -size 600x310 gradient:#181818-#2A2A2A -rotate -90 grad2.png
convert -size 600x215 gradient:#2A2A2A-#555555 -rotate -90 grad3.png
convert -size 600x265 gradient:#555555-#7F7F7F -rotate -90 grad4.png
convert -size 600x285 gradient:#7F7F7F-#AAAAAA -rotate -90 grad5.png
convert -size 600x275 gradient:#AAAAAA-#D4D4D4 -rotate -90 grad6.png
convert -size 600x150 gradient:#D4D4D4-#FFFFFF -rotate -90 grad7.png
convert grad?.png +append grad.png
#create hue
convert grad.png -alpha set -virtual-pixel Transparent -rotate 180 -distort Arc '360 -90 300' +repage -gravity center -crop 600x600+0+0 +repage h.png
#create saturation
convert -size 600x600 -alpha on radial-gradient:white-none s.png
#create value
convert -size 600x600 -alpha on radial-gradient:none-white v.png
#combine h,s,v in hsv colorspace
convert h.png s.png v.png -combine -set colorspace HSV -colorspace sRGB ryb.png
