By the plasma effect I mean an animation that looks like this:
I have seen some codes, like these
https://www.shadertoy.com/view/Xst3zN
https://www.shadertoy.com/view/4tdGWX
and messed with the code to try to grasp it, but I'm not understanding what is going on, for example, if there's a main math concept behind it that makes the effect possible, or a shader technique that I don't know about.